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第 119 课:What Is a Decision? 什么是决策?-2

Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. 选择就是从多个选项中进行挑选的机会。

If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. 策。决策本身就是一个选择的过程。

Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. 没有选择就没有决很多决策有很宽的选择范围。

For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. 例如,一个学生为了自己获得学位的志向,可以在许多不同的课程里作选择。

Fox managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. 对管理者来说,每一个决策都受着政策、程序、法律、先例等方面的制约。

These constraints exist at all levels of the organization. 这些制约在一个机构的各个阶层都存在。

Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made. 选择项就是可供选择、可能的行动方向;

If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, no decision. 没有选择项,就没有选择,也就没有了决策。

If no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. 如果看不到有不同的选择项,说明对问题还没有进行全面的研究。